Introduction
Sudan knows a strong presence of conflicts since its independence in 1956. Since then, the state has experienced two wars and fifteen coups. The state is composed of about 600 ethnic and religiously divided and marked by geographical and economic inequalities. Genocide in Darfur is only one of many conflicts plaguing Sudan since February 2003. (Cologni, 2011, 1)
This region, located in the west of Sudan, the size of France, has a population of 5 to 7 million people. The army faces two rebel movements, the Sudan Liberation Army (SLA) and the Movement for Justice and Equality Movement (JEM). The army is largely supported by pro-government Arab militias raised by Khartoum (the Janjaweed). (Coligni, 2011, 24)
After the first conflict in 1987 and the second conflict in 1996, Sudan saw a third conflict in 2002. Opposition to Sudanese President Omar al-Bashir made his voice heard. In Darfur, anti-government attacks in January and are claimed by ALS. In retaliation, Khartoum allowed to act Arab militias (the Janjaweed headed Choukratalla, former officer in the Sudanese army) throughout Darfur. SAF bombed villages in Darfur. People are victims of armed gangs. Humanitarian and diplomatic observers accuse the government of arming the Janjaweed and paid. (Coligni, 2011, 19)
Sudan knows a strong presence of conflicts since its independence in 1956. Since then, the state has experienced two wars and fifteen coups. The state is composed of about 600 ethnic and religiously divided and marked by geographical and economic inequalities. Genocide in Darfur is only one of many conflicts plaguing Sudan since February 2003. (Cologni, 2011, 1)
This region, located in the west of Sudan, the size of France, has a population of 5 to 7 million people. The army faces two rebel movements, the Sudan Liberation Army (SLA) and the Movement for Justice and Equality Movement (JEM). The army is largely supported by pro-government Arab militias raised by Khartoum (the Janjaweed). (Coligni, 2011, 24)
After the first conflict in 1987 and the second conflict in 1996, Sudan saw a third conflict in 2002. Opposition to Sudanese President Omar al-Bashir made his voice heard. In Darfur, anti-government attacks in January and are claimed by ALS. In retaliation, Khartoum allowed to act Arab militias (the Janjaweed headed Choukratalla, former officer in the Sudanese army) throughout Darfur. SAF bombed villages in Darfur. People are victims of armed gangs. Humanitarian and diplomatic observers accuse the government of arming the Janjaweed and paid. (Coligni, 2011, 19)